History and Acceleration of Population Increase

In a contemporary natural society, population increase often occurs when birth rate is higher than death rate (Williams, et al. 2011). Whereas the population growth rate of individual economies relies mostly on natural increase of population and migration, global growth figures are exclusively based on the natural increase of population. The world experienced rapid population explosion during the late 19^th and 20^th centuries. The aforementioned was relatively because death rates associated with individual countries gradually decreased. During this period, developing economies were not left behind as more modern medicines were dispatched after the World War II. In quite a number of the third world countries, the rapid death rate decline preceded low birth levels that stretched for over 25 years. Therefore, the declining death rate levels together with increased birth rates resulted into rapid population increase to up to four percent per year. Since the year 1960s, global birth rates have experienced a rapid decline in a number of developing states. However, Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East are yet to contain their birth rate figures. The high birthrates witnessed in both the sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle-East is a replica of high rates witnessed in the United States and Europe in the 19^th century. In the 21^st century, least developed economies i.e. those with a big number of their populace living below a dollar a day are still characterized by high levels of birthrates globally. This is so despite women producing fewer children as compared with their predecessors. The reasons behind these low fertility rates are often intertwined with the economic growth and development of a country. In a rational society, parents often choose to have leaner families when health states of their countries improve. Improved health conditions give them an assurance that their babies will enjoy good health. In addition, improved health conditions tend to minimize dependence levels between parents and their children. The aforementioned implies that parents do not have to bank on their children to provide for them in old age (Ewert 2012).

Improved health conditions and other transformations in the society have driven more parents to appreciate the need to have their girl children acquire basic education. Education of the girl child has largely lowed fertility rates. According to Vincenzi, Satterthwaite and Mangel (2012), schooled women often tend to advocate for leaner families and are accredited for producing health children. Education has also opened a number of avenues to women.  In the contemporary society, quite a number of women have an access to increased work opportunities i.e. outside home, so they often start families later in their carrier. Women who start families at the dwindling moments of their production tend to produce few children .This is relatively because their time is often shared between careers and kid upbringing. Despite work opportunities dictating the number of kids one can produce, the advanced levels of family planning kits together with the ease to access them has played a cardinal role in controlling the number of child production. In addition, it has assisted parents in spacing their children (Buckingham and Turner 2008).